What is JAVA? What are major feature of Java Programming language?

Solution:-

              Java is a high level programming. Language. It was introduced by “SUN MicroSystems” in June 1995. It was officially released in November 1995.It was developed by a team under James Gosling. Its original name was “OAK” meant for consumer electronic devices and later renamed to Java. Java has become the standard for Internet applications. It provides interactive processing and easy use of graphics and animation on the Internet.

Major Features of JAVA Programming Language:-

   Simple :-

               Java follows the syntax of C and Object Oriented principles of C++. It eliminates the complexities of C and C++. Therefore, Java has been made simple.

Object-Oriented:-

                     It is an Object-Oriented prgg.lang. The object model in Java is simple. Although influenced by its procedures. It was designed to be source code compatible with any other lang.

 

Plot form Independent:-

                Plot form is the combination of operating system and microprocessor. Java prg.works in all plot forms. It is achieved by JVM(Java Virtual Machine). The philosophy of java is “WriteOnce, Run any where” (WORA).

Robust:-

               Java is strictly a typed lang. It has both a compiler and an interpreter. Compiler checks code at run time and garbage collection is taking care of by java automatically. Thus it is a robust lang.

    Secure:-

                 java developers have taken all care to make it a secure prgg.lang. For Ex. Java Applets are restricted from Disk I/O of local machine.

Distributed:-

                Java is designed for the distributed environment of the Internet. It handles TCP/IP protocols. Java’s remote method invocation (RMI) make distributed prgg. Possible.

Multithreaded:-

                    Java was designed to meet the real-world requirement. To achieve this, java supports multithreaded prgg. It is the ability to run any things simultaneously.

   Dynamic:-

                 Java prgrs.carry with them a substantial amount of runtime type information. That is run time. This makes it possible to dynamically link code in a safe and secure manner.

Explain the OSI ( Open Systems Interconnection ) reference model with diagram?

Solution:-

OSI means open System Interconnect model. It was developed by the International organization for standardization in 1974. It consists of seven layer, each layer has specific processing function. Figure below.......

1. Application layer: It is responsible for providing network services to the user. It is also known as desktop layer.

2. Presentation layer: It is responsible for concerting data into standard format. eg. ASCII, JPG, MPG, BMP.

3. Session layer: It is responsible for establishing maintaining and terminating session. Session ID work at session layer.

RPC- Remote procedure call

SQL- Structured query language

NFS- Network File System

4. Transport layer: It is responsible for end- to- end connectivity. It is also known as the heart of OSI layers. Following tasks are performed at transport layer:

                i. Indentifying service

                ii. Multiplexing and De-multiplexing

                iii. Segmentation

                iv. Sequencing and reassembling

    v. Error correction

    vi. Flow control

5. Network layer: It is responsible for providing best path for data to reach the destination. Logical addressing works on this layer. Router is a Network layer device.

6. Data link layer: It is divided into two sub layers.

a. LLC: Logical link control which talks about WAN protocols.

b. MAC: Media Access Control which talk about physical address. It is responsible for error detection also.

7. Physical layer:  It is responsible for electrical mechanical and procedural checks. Data will be converted into Binary (i.e.) O's and I's devices working at physical layer are Hubs, Repeaters, cable, Modem etc.

How to create database , table & insert value using sql commands?

Solution:-

What is switching? Explain the space-division switching and time-division switching.

Solution:-

               A communication network consists of a collection of devices (or nodes) that wish to communicate and inter-connect together. The primary objective in any communication network is simply moving information from one source to one or more destination nodes.

 

Space Division Switching:-

            In space-division switching each input takes a different physical path in the switch matrix depending on the out-put. Hence, when a connection is established through a space switch matrix, a permanent physical contact is made on the matrix of cross-points. The connection will be maintained throughout the call duration. This technology can be primarily developed to accommodate analog transmission. Figure Below.............

 

Time Division Switching:-

             Time division switch, the n input lines are scanned in sequence to build up an input frame with n slots. Each slot has k bits. For T1 switches, the slots are 8 bits, with 8000 frames processed per second. The heart of the time division switch is the time slot interchanger, which accepts input frames and produces output frames, in which the time slots have been reordered according to mapping table in the memory of the switch. Finally, the output frame is de-multiplexed with output slot 0 going to line 0, and so on. In essence, the switch moves data from input lines to output lines according to the mapping table even though there are no physical connections between these lines. Figure below.............

 

What are the different between object oriented programming language and procedural programming language?

Solution:-

 

Procedure oriented programming(C)		Object oriented programming (C++)
1	Emphasizing in doing (following flowchart)	1	Emphasize on data
2	Large program divided into function	2	Large program divided into objects
3	Data can be freely accessed by function around the program	3	Data are hidden and cannot be accessed by external functions
4	Function can transfer data from one from to other	4	Data are not transferred but object common action is done
5	It is base on Top-down approach	5	It is base on Bottom-up approach
6	Eg:- FORTRAN,COBOL, Pascal, C	6	Eg:-  C++, JAVA, Smalltalk